Control System of Elevator

An elevator is a chamber-like device, which exists in enclosed as well as open structure. Elevators are usually used as transportation between floors. They are one of the essential parts of high-rise structures like commercial and residential buildings. Cargo carrying elevators were used in t

Project Title

Control System of Elevator

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

An elevator is a chamber-like device, which exists in enclosed as well as open structure. Elevators are usually used as transportation between floors. They are one of the essential parts of high-rise structures like commercial and residential buildings.

Cargo carrying elevators were used in the early 1800s, freight carrying elevators emerged in many warehouses across the globe. Elisha Otis was the first designing industrialist, who developed the first safe elevator, which was used to convey hefty building martials in New York. The concept of cargo carrying elevators were present even before that but they lacked the safety feature. On the other hand, Otis elevator has a notable feature, which is its safety design. It has a spring mechanism which connects itself into the notches and prevents the chamber from falling, in case the cables break.

The first passenger elevator had a rough start, as it was shut down just after three years. It was installed in the Haughwout departmental store in New York during the mid-1800s. It had a steam powered engine, which was placed in the basement of the building. Its travel speed was 400 feet per minute (as a comparison today’s fastest elevator can do 40 feet in just one second).

In the start of the 19th century, hydraulic elevators made their way in the market. They obviously used water pressure as their source of power. A hole had to be dug under the elevator shaft, the depth should be deep enough to take the elevator upwards.

Later, in 1889 the first commercially acceptable electric elevator was installed. Afterwards, electricity was accepted to be the powerhouse of elevators. Moreover, it had two major advantages. Firstly, electric power was available universally. Meaning these elevators can be placed in any commercial or residential structure. Secondly, its competitor hydraulic powered elevator had a major drawback of limited height to which they could rise. On the other hand, an electric powered elevator works on a basic cable and pulley system, meaning it has no height limit.

Project Objectives

The intention behind this project is to represent control system design of an elevator. The motion of the elevator chamber is controlled using a dc motor. For this achievement, following things need to be carried out:

• Developing the control system algorithm
• Designing hardware model of elevator
• Successful implementation of the model

Project Implementation Method

1. Headroom: It’s also called Overhead. It is the part of the shaft in between the highest low point of the chamber stop and the ceiling of the shaft.
2. Travel: The maximum distance that can be covered by the elevator’s chamber from the lowest point to the highest stop.
3. Pit: Is the small portion of shaft underneath the lowest stop of the chamber.
4. Shaft Hoist way: The place in which the elevator chamber moves, enclosed by the walls.

Benefits of the Project

• Functionality. Elevators in the home are generally used for the climbing the stairs or carrying heavy loads.
• Elevator Home Enhance Your Security.
• Provides a Greater Convenience.
• Makes a Style Statement.
• Space Saving Design.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

3.1 Electric Motor:

The electric motor used in this elevator to drive the elevator chamber against the load is a 24-volts DC motor. As this motor is ideal to produce high torque. This universal motor is widely used in belt and chain structures in various robotic projects. During the process, this motor runs at 10 rpm which provides the power of almost 12W to the structure.

3.2 Suspension:

In this elevator, a one-meter-long chain is used to connect the chamber to the counterweight on the other side, passing over the pulley. It withstands chamber as well as counter weight load.

3.3 Elevator Chamber/Car:

The elevator chamber, also known as car, is the travelling body of the project. As described earlier, it is supported by a chain and balanced by the counter weight on the other side of the pulley. 24V LEDs are placed in the chamber to light it up.

3.4 Door Mechanism:

The opening and closing mechanism of the doors is driven by a simple 3V DC motor, which is placed exactly above the doors. The door motor is connected to a chain loop mechanism, the forward and reverse motion of the motor helps the door to close and open. Two magnetic sensors are placed on the doors of the elevator. The purpose of magnetic sensors is to govern whether the doors are closed or not.

3.5 Guide Shoe:

The guide shoes are placed on either side of the elevator structure for a correct trajectory to the elevator chamber. Guide shoes will provide a smooth drive to the chamber.

3.6 Counterweight:

A metal boxed structure is connected on the other side of the pulley driven chain. It helps to move the elevator chamber up and down, and also balances the car weight.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Others

Other Industries

Security

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Required Resources

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