Cellular Power divider at GSM band
Power dividers have come a long way to become an important part of various RF/microwave devices. Power divider at Microwave frequencies has several applications in Microwave system. One of the simplest use of microwave power divider is to feed the array of antenna from single incoming power source f
2025-06-28 16:30:46 - Adil Khan
Cellular Power divider at GSM band
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPower dividers have come a long way to become an important part of various RF/microwave devices. Power divider at Microwave frequencies has several applications in Microwave system. One of the simplest use of microwave power divider is to feed the array of antenna from single incoming power source for example Phase array antenna, TV cable distributed system, airport surveillance radar for air traffic control, weather radar , surface ship radar and some communication satellites, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radio, telecommunication etc.
The recent technologies for cellular communication have also motivated researchers to work on power dividers to make them more compact and efficient.
Power dividers are largely employed for GSM, CDMA, Personnel communication systems.
There are several microwave couplers designs but in this final year project, we will focused on the Wilkinson design. We will design and fabricate several first order and second order Wilkinson power divider and combiner and perform its comparison analysis using some predefine performance parameters. Comparison will done in two phases, first the different designs of power divider will be compared using simulation results. In the second phase, the designed power divider will be fabricated and the characterize using vector network analyzer. The measured results will then be compared with simulation to validate the fabricated design.
As we live in modern world but we still backward in trend of technology.
Pakistan have not any manufacturing company for microwave devices so that Microwave devices are imported from other countries. Many universities of Pakistan buy these at expensive rate. To solve these problems we came forward with solutions.
For Other microwave devices same procedure will be followed as we follow for Wilkinson Power divider and combiner.
Power divider will be fabricated from low cost fabricated materials but have the capability for use in high power applications using enhanced components.
Project Objectives| Aims :- The Aim of this project is to design, simulate, fabricate different designs of an equal-split Wilkinson power divider and carry out its performance comparison analysis at 900 MHz Objectives:
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Aims :-
The Aim of this project is to design, simulate, fabricate
different designs of an equal-split Wilkinson power divider and carry out its performance comparison analysis at 900 MHz
Objectives:
- To study different designs of Wilkinson Power divider choose four best designs among them
- To design and simulate different microstrip Wilkinson Power dividers and combiners that are selected in objective 1.
- To fabricate 1st and 2nd order microstrip Wilkinson power divider using etching process (chemical process) or CNC milling process and compare the results with simulations.
- Performance comparison analysis of their performance based on predefine parameters bandwidth, insertion loss, cost and size to recommend the suitable type for suitable application.
First step is to do calculations of predefine parameters for example length, width, input and output impedance by solving complex mathematical equations. Power divider will be designed and simulated using commercially available electromagnetic software for example HFSS, CST, ADS etc. All Design will be exported from commercially used electromagnetic software and then import in Adobe illustrator to prepare it for fabrication. Fabrication will be done by etching process (commonly known as Chemical process). In that process we will use Fecl3 highly acid to remove copper from double sided copper FR4 PCB board. Print design on glossy paper 200 gram sheet and paste on PCB board and dip into FeCl3. We will fabricate these until we get desired results. Results will be characterize using vector network analyzer and deep analysis will be done.
Figure 1: Flow diagram of propose project
Benefits of the ProjectMicrowave Devices are too expensive.
In Pakistan every university needs these devices for Microwave lab to do practical on these Devices that students get basic knowledge about microwave engineering. Mehran University is 1st rank university in Sindh. We have experts of fields. Our supervisor inspire us gives faith that you can not make only power divider but all microwave devices includes RF filters, power divider, combiners, couplers, Ring resonators, microstrip patch antenna , loop antennas etc at Low cost . The Big benefit of this project is that our country will develop in microwave technology. But In this final year project we will focus on microwave power divider and combiner.
There are so many applications of power divider and combiner some are given below:
- TV Cable distributed System
- Power amplifier used as Power combiner
- Transceiver
- S-band (2 to 4GHz) (Short band ):- Air port surveillance radar for air traffic control, weather radar , surface ship radar and some communication satellites especially those used by NASA to communicate with the Space shuttle and International space Station.
- L Band (1-2GHz) (30- 15cm):- Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radio, Telecommunication etc.
- In Mobile and wireless communication (GSM, CDMA , personal communication system)
- (we are also making at GSM band)
In the end of project we will deliver different designs (1st and 2nd order)
microwave Wilkinson power divider and combiner.
The predefine parameters will have improved that includes return loss will be improved (s11 <-20 dB), insertion loss will reduce upto (S21=-3.17dB), Bandwidth will be increased (50%), impedance will be matched between input and output ports.
We will also provide detailed report on performance based analysis of microwave Wilkinson power divider and combiner.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry EducationOther Industries Telecommunication Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Internet of Things (IoT)Sustainable Development Goals Quality EducationRequired Resources| Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project | Milestone | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Research about the project, studying research papers. | got a clear idea about the project and limitation of the previous attempt. |
| Month 2 | Design | Learn equations and solve these Equation for making designs. |
| Month 3 | Simulation | Power divider will be designed on ADS and then simulate on it |
| Month 4 | Fabrication | Power divider will be fabricated by etching process |
| Month 5 | Measurements | Measurements taken by Vector Network Analyzer |
| Month 6 | Analysis | Deep Analysis report on comparison of different designs of Power divider. |