Building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal system with a Bi-reflector PV system with Grid Tie Inverter
The core idea of our project is that photovoltaic-thermal system can be used to get electricity and thermal energy at the same time. Water will circulate through the collector tubes and can be used to reduce the temperature of PV module. Moreover, We will design a Grid Tie Inverter, and will
2025-06-28 16:25:44 - Adil Khan
Building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal system with a Bi-reflector PV system with Grid Tie Inverter
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThe core idea of our project is that photovoltaic-thermal system can be used to get electricity and thermal energy at the same time. Water will circulate through the collector tubes and can be used to reduce the temperature of PV module.
Moreover, We will design a Grid Tie Inverter, and will synchronize our system with the grid station. With the help of our proposed project, we can enhance our PV panels efficiency, so in this way we can get greater output power depending upon the time and optimized size and angle of Reflectors, This project will develop a new product, in which two functions solar-panel and bi-reflectors are cleverly combined, that can efficiently reduce both electricity and gas bills.
The moment and positioning of reflectors are governed by motors using pic microcontroller. The controller with the help of LDR will automatically optimize the angle of Reflectors with the intensity of sun.
Moreover Grid Tie inverter will be based on zero cross algorithm, by detecting the zero crossing of reference signal from the grid, we will generate our SPWM accordingly with the help of PIC18F452, and then will pass through an gate driver IC, which would drive our inverter switches according to our SPWM. And will pass our system through an LC filter to get smooth and ripple free waveform.
Literature survey reveals that a Reflector-less PV system has less output power than Bi-Reflectors PV system. This project will totally be automated and will be much more efficient comparatively to the other PV modules which are expensive comparatively and will also generate thermal energy at the same time which will going to be enough for the house hold use.
Project Objectives- To enhance the efficiency of conventional sources of energy like PV module.
- Thermal energy production using Bi-reflectors and heating the collector tubes.
- Synchronization our system with the grid station with the help of grid tie inverter.
- Production of electricity and thermal energy using modified design structure.
- Providing the user get more efficient electrical energy and thermal energy for the normal household use at the same time which comparatively occupy less space.
- First of all, our main motive of this project is to synchronize our system with the grid station, so project implementation is totally based on synchronization. We have designed a complete algorithm for grid tie inverter, like we have completed our hardware implementation of zero cross detection and SPWM generation. Now our motive is to design an LC filter to smooth our output of inverter and remove all kinds of ripples.
- After Designing of LC filter, our motive would be to design the reflectors movement algorithm, like with the help of stepper motors, we will rotate our reflectors three times in a day according to sun intensity and the direction of sun intensity.
- After that, we will complete hardware implementation of thermal system with the help of collector tubes that would help our panel to operate at optimum temperature.
- Then we would focus on arrangements of total assembly of our project in order to make it beneficial and useful for our community.
- As we are running out of non-renewable sources of energy, so we must rely on renewable sources of energy like sun wind etc. So, PV system can play an important role in this aspect however PV system are still costly to be affordable so, In order to reduce the cost of generation and make the system affordable for low income community the system we proposed is comparatively less in cost, easy to install and more beneficial than a simple PV system.
- One of the most important benefit is that, we will get an efficient grid tie inverter in a less cost as compared to market rates.
- The most effective feature of our proposed project is that it will help the users to reduce the electricity bills due to grid synchronization, and has low maintenance cost and is totally automated.
- Our system has positive impact on the environment, as there is no direct greenhouse gas emissions because the electricity is made from sunlight rather than burning fossil fuels.
- This system can be used for diverse purposes, as we can generate electricity (photovoltaics) and heat (solar Thermal).
- Excess power can be sold back to the power company with the help of Bi-directional meter which further reduce the cost.
- This system provides cost effective solutions to energy problems where there is no electricity at all.
- PIC controller with Stepper motor and Bi-Reflectors will decide the optimized angle with sun. Bi-Reflector will be tilted as much as to create a shadow on the panel three times in a day.
- As temperature will rise due to increase of light intensity due to reflectors, so collector tubes would be used to get thermal energy as well as to operate solar panel at optimum temperature.
- Then with the help of Zero Cross detection of grid supply and by generation of SPWM according to that zero cross detection, our output would exactly be same as our grid supply, and our system will synchronize with grid station.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 59000 | |||
| PIC Microcontroller | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| CDS and temperature sensors | Equipment | 2 | 2600 | 5200 |
| Solar Panel | Equipment | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| Stepper motor (2Nos) | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| Motor driver modules | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| PCB designing ( 1Nos) | Equipment | 5 | 200 | 1000 |
| Wiring | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Aluminum foil sheets | Equipment | 2 | 5000 | 10000 |
| Components for converter and inverter | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Battery | Equipment | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |