Autonomous Pick & Place Robot

The summary of this project is to create an autonomous pick and place robot. This robot will do its movement through a line follower robot using IR sensors. The main function of this robot is to pick an object and place it in the desired place; it will select its destination through QR code scanning

2025-06-28 16:25:30 - Adil Khan

Project Title

Autonomous Pick & Place Robot

Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject Summary

The summary of this project is to create an autonomous pick and place robot. This robot will do its movement through a line follower robot using IR sensors. The main function of this robot is to pick an object and place it in the desired place; it will select its destination through QR code scanning e.g. there’s a box at X place and a rack at Y place, the robot will scan the QR code of the box at X place. After scanning, the next step will be the selection of placing the carried object; the robot will select its dropping place after going through the program designed in it using Arduino. Now that our path and dropping place has been selected, an object will be placed at Y place as the scanned box belongs to it. 

Project Objectives

• QR code scanning using ESP-32
• Line follower Robot through IR Sensor and Gear DC Motor
• Object picking and placing with stepper motor according to the value saved in QR CODE

Project Implementation Method

The project is supposed to be completed in various steps. The first step is to generate code and hardware setup for the line follower robot. The line follower robot is installed on chassis prepared for "autonomous pick and place robot". For the line following robot, four DC gear motors are attached using L298N and 10 IR sensors front and back. The code is burnt on Arduino mega 2560. 
After the line follower robot, the process of lifter starts. The lifters working is achieved by stepper motor using tb6560 stepper motor driver and 2 limiting switches. 
The third step is to get done with 2  ultrasonic sensors front and back. This is basically used for obstacle detection
The last step is QR code scanning. It is completed by Arduino mega 2560 board using the ESP-32 CAM module.

Benefits of the Project

It can play a good role in picking and placing the objects in warehouses, and industries and can even be used in offices. Instead of using labor to unload the trucks or containers, this robot can easily be installed and used as it carries the object in a more delicate way than the workers. It is an autonomous robot so it does not need any input which means that there will be less bumping between workers and fewer chances for the goods to get broken. It will also save time as it knows when and where to go with a defined speed. The labor that was first getting used for unloading can now be used for other work in the industry/warehouse.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

By the end of this project, the autonomous pick and place robot will be having a picking and placing process through QR code scanning. After QR code scanning, the robot will start to move towards its placing area. This movement is carried by a line following a path. This path is fixed and detection of this path is done through IR sensors meaning that the robot will only move if IR sensors detect the black line and send the signal to the DC Gear motor to operate in the desired direction. These directions are the logical conditions, already set up in the code. Finally, the robot reaches its destination and places the object. Once the object has been placed, it does its movement in reverse and then starts moving by having the facing of the lifter, attached right in front of the chassis. The robot picks up another object and the same process continues.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TransportationOther Industries Medical , Agriculture , Food , Manufacturing , Health Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI), OthersSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources
Item Name Type No. of Units Per Unit Cost (in Rs) Total (in Rs)
Total in (Rs) 79135
Arduino Mega Equipment125002500
l298D Sheild Equipment2280560
LCD 20x4 Equipment1800800
Male to Female Wire Equipment19090
Male to Male Equipment19090
Line Tracker Equipment1400400
Casing Mega Miscellaneous 1300300
ESP-32 CAM Equipment213002600
Ultrasonic Sensor Equipment2300600
Robot Structure Equipment12900029000
IR Hurdle Detector Equipment18801440
Keypad Equipment1300300
Jumper Wires Equipment1100100
Male to Male 30cm Equipment1120120
Motor Driver Equipment53001500
Batteries Equipment230006000
Battery Charger Equipment110001000
Mega 2560 Equipment125002500
Stepper Equipment1600600
Arduino Mega Equipment128502850
40 pin header Equipment21020
Veroboard Equipment290180
Header Pin male Equipment620120
Stepper Motor Nema 17 Equipment1650650
Wire Bundle Equipment27001400
Button/Strips Equipment1150150
3 pin wire Equipment1730510
TB6560 Equipment29001800
Wire Equipment18080
Tapes Miscellaneous 5175875
Magic Glue Miscellaneous 1150150
16 Pin wire Equipment1150150
Ir Sensors Equipment4100400
USB to serial with esp32 Equipment155005500
Printing Miscellaneous 315004500
Arduino mega Equipment131003100
DC gear Motor Equipment112001200
5v Supply Equipment110001000
Track for Robot Miscellaneous 140004000

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