Automatic transformer distribution and load sharing
The transformer is very costly and bulky equipment of power system. It operates for 24 hours of a day and feeds the load. Sometimes the situation may occur when the load on the transformer is suddenly increased above its rated capacity. When this situation occurs, the transformer
2025-06-28 16:30:29 - Adil Khan
Automatic transformer distribution and load sharing
Project Area of Specialization Artificial IntelligenceProject SummaryThe transformer is very costly and bulky equipment of power system. It operates for 24 hours of a day
and feeds the load. Sometimes the situation may occur when the load on the transformer is suddenly increased
above its rated capacity. When this situation occurs, the transformer will be overloaded and overheated and
damage the insulation of transformer resulting in interruption of supply. The best solution to avoid the
overloading is to operate the number of transformers in parallel. It is same like parallel operation of transformers
where the number of transformers shares the system load. In the suggested approach slave transformers will share
the load when the load on the main transformer will rise above its rated capacity. The main aim of the work is to
provide an un-interrupted power supply to the energy consumers. By implementation of this scheme the problem
of interruption of supply due to transformer overloading or overheating can be avoided.
1.)To verify how automatic transformer load sharing system works.
2.)To verify how temperature sensor work.
3.)To verify how relay protect the transformer from overload.
4.)To verify how parallel transformer operation work.
5.)To verify how microcontroller send information to substation
6.)To verify how transformer will supply power in overheating and overload condition
Firstly, the required operating voltage for Microcontroller 89C51 is 5V. Hence the 5V D.C. power supply is needed by the same. This regulated 5V is generated by first stepping down the 230V to 18V and 12 V operating voltage for relays. Hence another supply is required to generate 12V. The step downed a.c. voltage is being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier. The diodes used are 1N4007. The rectified a.c voltage is now filtered using a „C? filter. Now the rectified, filtered D.C. voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator. This voltage regulator allows us to have a Regulated Voltage which is +5V. We are using two voltage regulators i.e., 7805 and 7812. These voltage regulators regulate 5v for microcontroller and 12v for relays. The rectified, filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100?F. Now the output from this section is fed to 40th pin of 89c51 microcontroller to supply operating voltage
Benefits of the Project1) The load is shared by transformers is automatically.
2) No manual errors are taking place.
3) It prevents the main transformer from damage due to the problems like overload and overheats.
4) Un-interrupted power supply to the consumers is supplied.
1)It can save main transformer from overloading and overheating
2)It automatically share and distribute load
3)It is easy to install and require one time investment.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 20200 | |||
| Transformer | Equipment | 4 | 1000 | 4000 |
| Capacitor | Equipment | 6 | 200 | 1200 |
| 7805 regulator IC | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Relay (spdt) | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Diode (IN4004) | Equipment | 5 | 10 | 50 |
| Resistors | Equipment | 15 | 10 | 150 |
| Bulb | Equipment | 8 | 100 | 800 |
| ADC (0508g) | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| 16*2 LCD | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Microcontroller | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Temperature sensor | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |