Automatic Three Phase Load Balancing System by Using Fast Switching Relay in Three Phase Distribution System
In three phase distribution system the unbalance phenomenon occurs due to single-phase loads and unequal sharing of loads in each phase. To overcome this problem, distribution systems require equal sharing of load in each phase. This is possible by automatic three phase load balancing technique.
2025-06-28 16:30:29 - Adil Khan
Automatic Three Phase Load Balancing System by Using Fast Switching Relay in Three Phase Distribution System
Project Area of Specialization Shared EconomyProject SummaryIn three phase distribution system the unbalance
phenomenon occurs due to single-phase loads and unequal sharing of loads in each phase. To overcome this problem, distribution systems require equal sharing of load in each phase. This is possible by automatic three phase load balancing technique. The automatic three phase load balancing system is possible by the proposed hardware which is micro-controller and relay based hardware. This hardware is installed in the incoming of three phase lines and will accordingly switch the domestic load to the least loaded phase using fast switching relays. The single full house load is connected to the phase that is least loaded by relay switching ON/OFF. The result of the proposed hardware
and simulation shows that microcontroller and relays switching is effective in reducing the unbalancing in three phase lines and also reducing the current in the neutral wire of the system. In addition, it retains voltage regulation and stability in the all three phase.
Domestic load is single phase while connected to three
phase distribution network. The three phase distribution system suffers from unbalancing due to overloading of one phase as comparing to the remaining two phases. To overcome this problem, distribution system requires equal sharing of load on each phase. When equal sharing is obtained, due to which in 3-pahse unbalancing, energy losses, overload situation and return current flow in neutral is reduced. The automatic three phase load balancing system is possible by the proposed hardware which is micro-controller and relay based hardware.
The single phase output load is keept constant and the loads
of three phase input line varied. The single full house load
is connected to that phase which is least loaded by relays.
The varying loads range from 0 W to 1000 W in each phase.
We continuously checked the display phase swiping between
output load and incoming three phases according to load
situation at different loads and noticed different phase swiping at different loads. Tables given below show the phase swiping, and load currents of each phase. Table I and table II show results. We took experimental data from display show in ”Fig. ”, our single phase full house load is connected by default Red phase show in display denoted by phase1 and A1, A2,A3 show load of each phase.
the load connected in each phase is given, this load variationis sensing by Arduino nano and give signal to
the fast switching relay to connect our desired single full house load to least loaded phase among three phase LV network.
When there is a phase imbalance, due to the basic laws of
circuits, current increases in the neutral wire of three phase
system. The flow of neutral wire current is a hazard, it creates safety problems and can cause fire. In addition it also decreases the electrical power system efficiency, tripping (relays) protection devices of the system, and damaging network equipment.The grids are designed as three phase electrical power systems.Various problems arise in the electrical power distribution grids because consumer loads are not perfectly predictable and do not balance out when different loads are distributed over the three phases. Faults in the distribution system can cause over-loading in some areas and under-loading in others.So to prevent these unbalance conditions, power and loads arerequired to be controlled in real time. This real time controlling technique is called load balancing technique. In other words, load balancing is the process to avoid the power systems from overloading and underloaded situation.
1.arduino for sensing current
2.current transformer
3.relay switching
4.single phase load
5.LCD for showing measurement
Schematic shown below
HARDWARE
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 3364 | |||
| Arduino | Equipment | 1 | 1240 | 1240 |
| current transformer | Equipment | 3 | 50 | 150 |
| lcd module | Equipment | 1 | 444 | 444 |
| relay module | Equipment | 3 | 330 | 990 |
| 100 watt bulb | Equipment | 6 | 90 | 540 |