Automatic anesthesia depth control system for isoflurane concentration

The concept of Anesthesia is found from the carvings of about 2500 BC. The anesthesia was done manually by an anesthesiologist and the life of a patient was totally dependent on one person. So, there was a need to automate this system to achieve precision and accuracy and to lessen the risk tha

Project Title

Automatic anesthesia depth control system for isoflurane concentration

Project Area of Specialization

Mechanical Engineering

Project Summary

The concept of Anesthesia is found from the carvings of about 2500 BC. The anesthesia was done manually by an anesthesiologist and the life of a patient was totally dependent on one person. So, there was a need to automate this system to achieve precision and accuracy and to lessen the risk that may cause death threat to the patient’s life. Automatic Anesthesia control system is required that can control the amount of anesthetic provided with the reduction of human error and with high precision. The Concentration of anesthetic is controlled by Multi-task feedback system and Microcontroller chips. Closed-loop systems are able to make conclusions on their own manner. The closed loop delivery of anesthesia has a few potential points of interest when set against manual controlling. To start with, overdosing can be kept away from by called of the regulator for targeting explicit values of physiological factors. Programmed regulators may be utilized for the research object as a "reference" ANESTHESIOLOGIST in clinical investigations. In our research, we will be presented and compared distinct features of control algorithms that are beneficial in operating important complications which occur during closed-loop anesthesia infusion system. General surgical procedures that are executed in well-equipped operation theatre, are moving towards programmed drug delivery systems by replacing anesthetic infusion done by manually. Many up-to-date researches work on computerized drug infusion reveals worth of non-linear and powerful control strategies in comparison to linear control methods. The reason is that they can deal well with uncertainties and nonlinearities happening naturally. The given control strategy based upon SMC (System Management Controlled) tells positive results for a well-ordered execution of common surgical procedure. Changeability of intra-patient and interpatient is vital challenge in designing and modelling of automated anesthesia drug delivery system.

Project Objectives

It takes almost 12 years for a person to become anesthesiologist and as we know that this is for attaining perfection. Anesthetics are used to provide comfort to a patient and relieve pain e.g., if the effect of anesthetic ends or reduces during a surgery, the patient will feel the pain and we don't know whether he/she can bear the pain and is risk to life of patient. The Solution to these problems requires a computer-controlled Machinery. A few decades back, the anesthesia was done manually by an anesthesiologist and the life of a patient was totally dependent on one person. So, there was a dire need to automate this system to achieve precision and accuracy and to lessen the load from the shoulders of an anesthesiologist. Feedback Control is found everywhere in Engineering World and has shaken up the protection in the fields from Car travel to the space. For everyday anesthesiologists, we give an introduction to the developed system research on field of control. This Research discusses the Design and Working of an automatic anesthesia delivery system. It further includes the modern-day researches in the field i-e closed loop anesthesia Delivery System and Target controlled infusion. Introduction of Bispectral Index as a major indicator of Depth of Anesthesia is also a part of this Research. From start of the eighties, Physicians and engineers are working in the field of the closed-loop drug delivery systems. The supply of low/high dose of anesthesia during an operation may cause adverse effects to the patient. To avoid this situation, Automatic Anesthesia control system is required that can control the amount of anesthetic provided with the reduction of human error and with high precision. The Concentration of anesthetic is controlled by Multi-task feedback system and Microcontroller chips. Closed-loop systems are able to make conclusions on their own manner. This further discusses the superiority of closed loop system over open loop system and their advantages and disadvantages. In closed-loop system, the anesthesiologist only enters the targeted value to be conserved throughout. The significance of this work is that to help anesthesiologists in their work and to save precious lives. The approach used will have software-based simulations and practical data to reduce tolerance levels. The difference in approach will be that we will consider the problems that are in this automatic control system and try to remove problems with an effective use of controls engineering knowledge. The purpose is to make an automatic anesthesia control system for isoflurane concentration with high level of accuracy. Multi-tasking is the main characteristic for an automatic anesthesia machine and we will try to discover ways to make it cost effective, compact and easy to use. It will be easy to use with a User-Friendly Graphical User Interface and equipped with latest technology based on researches from the last decade. 

Project Implementation Method

In hardware, the main component is Arduino. It is regulating the anesthesia machine with the help of a number of clinical parameters such as Body Temperature, Heart rate etc. It decides the direction of rotation of DC motor according to the situation and requirements. Different sensors such as Temperature and heart beat sensors are indicated that are controlled by the Arduino. It controls the direction of motor that regulates the concentration of anesthetic with the help of syringe system. We will use Simulink as a software as it provides a graphical programming environment modeling, simulating and analyzing in the design process of control systems. In Simulink, it is easy for us to program, solve and simulate various problems by using block diagrams and simply enter numeric values as the many systems are built-in. Heartbeat sensor works by shining the infrared led on one side of the patient’s finger. The infrared sensor on the other side detects the changes in light transmitted when the blood is pumped. A temperature sensor is used check the temperature of the body continuously. Syringe pumps are used in researches for the exact dosing systems or to precisely deliver small quantities of fluid (anesthetic). DC motor is used to control the amount of fluid delivered and its speed and direction is controlled by controller (Arduino). The motor is bi-directional i-e Forward and backward Directions. When the low amount is to be given or to be maintained the speed and direction DC motor is adjusted accordingly. Usually, Brushed motors that are light weight are used in portable Power tools and appliances. All the results are then displayed on the LCD monitor. This proposed system calculates the initial amount of anesthetic to be given to the patient and it also monitors the essential characteristics of the patient. If any of the parameter deviates or crosses the normal range, the system regulates these parameters and automatically maintain them throughout the surgery. Now if the deviation of these parameters requires the recalculation of dosage of anesthetic, this model automatically recalculates the amount according to the present parameters and adjusts the motors according to the new calculation. There is a mode switch present that can be used in case of any manual operation that is urgent. It can be controlled by means of keypad.

Benefits of the Project

Health and safety of human beings.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

we will be trying our best to design a more secure and advanced control system for our project.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Medical

Other Industries

Health

Core Technology

Internet of Things (IoT)

Other Technologies

NeuroTech

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com