Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Sudden cardiac arrest is the abrupt loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. The condition usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to your body. Sudden cardiac arrest occurs suddenly and often without warning. It
2025-06-28 16:30:21 - Adil Khan
Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject SummarySudden cardiac arrest is the abrupt loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. The condition usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to your body. Sudden cardiac arrest occurs suddenly and often without warning. It is triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). With its pumping action disrupted, the heart cannot pump blood to the brain, lungs and other organs. Seconds later, a person loses consciousness and has no pulse. Symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. Some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before cardiac arrest. If not treated within minutes, it typically leads to death.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. It is recommended in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations. Immediate CPR will keep oxygen circulating around the body until a defibrillator can be used and/or until the emergency services arrive. High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a key determinant of patient survival. However, delivery of effective chest compressions is often inconsistent, subject to fatigue and practically challenging.
The Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is an automated, portable, battery-powered cardiopulmonary resuscitation device that provides quality chest compressions along with artificial ventilation simultaneously to automatically preserve intact brain function of the patient suffering from cardiac arrest. The compression depth and force varies per patient. The chest displacement equals a 20% reduction in the anterior-posterior chest depth. The physiological duty cycle is 50%, and it runs in a 30:2, or continuous compression mode, which is user-selectable, at a rate of 80 compressions-per-minute.
On the user command the machine starts and measures the heartbeat of the patient to make sure that the patient is alive or not. The compressions starts at the rate of 30:2, which is 30 compressions and then 2 breaths. This way the oxygen is provided to the body for the cells to respire. The pressure is being sensed to make sure the compressions don’t damage the patient’s chest.
- Improve the wellbeing of humankind
- Automate the combined process of compression and ventilation
- Provide portable emergency tool for patients with heart problem history
- On user input start of the machine
- Measure the heartbeat of the patient
- Start the compression system
- High quality compressions(required rate and depth)
- Pressure being sensed and displayed on the LCD
- Artificial ventilation after 30 compressions
- The cycle continues till the user stops
To implement any task and project first step is to breakdown into subtasks. We divide our project into four tasks as follows
- Monitoring system
- Compression system
- Ventilation system.
Monitoring system
System at which we monitor the heartbeat of a patient using heartbeat sensor and force applied to the patient using force sensing resistor. Data will be displayed at lcd.
Compression system
Compression system is implemented by linear force applied at the chest of patient. For this we can make an assembly of conversion of motion, from rotatory to linear.
Ventilation system
After giving compressions we take a pause and give ventilation by oxygen cylinder for two seconds.
Benefits of the Project- High quality CPR without interruption
- Designed for patient movement and transport
- Adjustable compressions depth
- Portable, battery operated
- More success rate
- Allow rescuers to focus on performing other interventions
- No fatigue to the rescuer
- Lower chance of damage to the patient
- Easy to use
- Reliable
The technical details of all parts are as follows
Monitoring Part:
- Heartbeat Sensing:
Start of the process is by sensing the heartbeat of patient using heartbeat sensor. Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heartbeat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light / IR modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.
- Force Sensing:
Force sensing resistor can be defined as a special type of resistor whose resistance can be varied by varying the force or pressure applied to it. If force is applied to a surface of sensing film, then the particles touches the conducting electrodes and thus resistance of the film changes. There are several resistive based sensors but force sensing resistors operate satisfactorily in difficult environments and also requires a simple interface compared to other resistive based sensors. Even though their various types of force sensors, the force sensing resistors are having several advantages such as thin size (less than 0.5mm), very low cost and also good shock resistance. The only disadvantage of FSR sensors is low precision, there will be approximately 10% or more difference in measurement results.
Compression System:
For controlling the DC motor for compression which is mounted by crankshaft and piston, which translates the rotatory motion of motor to linear motion, we have used IBT2 (40 amp), which drivers the DC motor whenever operator sends commands. IBT2 also monitors the current. The motor drew 4A current at full load and 2A without load
Ventilation System:
For ventilation system, oxygen cylinder is connected with solenoid valve which controls the pressure and solenoid valve connects with Arduino to control On and Off. As 30 compressions will complete solenoid valve will open for 2 seconds and then close, process continues for one minute respectively
Working:
When we plug 5V to Arduino cable, LCD will lighten up. There is two LCD, one shows the heartbeat of patient and other shows count of compression and pressure applied.
After some time of initializing, ready is shown. It means now machine is ready to operate. Meanwhile heartbeat is sensed and then press the push button to start compressions. We give 30 compressions and then take pause for 2 seconds in which, we provide oxygen from oxygen cylinder and mask. After that process continues and give 90 compressions in one-minute following with artificial ventilation.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Medical Technologies RoboticsSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 36300 | |||
| DC Motor | Equipment | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Crankshaft and piston | Equipment | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| mechanical Body | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| IR Senor | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Arduino Nano | Equipment | 2 | 650 | 1300 |
| IBT2 Driver | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Heartbeat Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| Force Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Breadboard | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Overhead | Miscellaneous | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |