Arduino Based Automatic Seed Sowing And Dripping Agriculture Robot

Project Title

Arduino Based Automatic Seed Sowing And Dripping Agriculture Robot

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Today the environmental influence of agricultural production is very much in focus, and the demands on the industry are increasing. In the present scenario, most of the cities in Pakistan do not have sufficient skilled human resources in the agricultural sector, which affects the developing country's progress. The Discovery of Agriculture was the first big step toward civilized life, advancement of agricultural tools is the basic trend of agricultural improvement. The qualitative approach of this project is to develop a system that minimizes the operating cost and reduces the time for digging and seed sowing operations. Therefore, farmers must use upgraded technology for cultivation activities (digging, seed sowing, etc.).Seed sowing machines developed so far are operated manually, or there is no Smartness of Work done by it expects seed sowing. The manual method includes broadcasting the seeds by hand. Sometimes, dibbling, i.e., making holes and dropping seeds by hand, is used. Also, a pair of bullocks are used to carry the heavy equipment of leveling and seed dropping. So it's time to automate the sector to overcome this problem. There is a need to study upgrading agricultural equipment. The innovative idea of this paper is doing the processes of digging and seed sowing of crops and covering the land automatically so that human efforts will get reduced up to 90 percent. Agricultural Robots or Agribot is a robot deployed for doing agricultural purposes. Pollution is also a big problem eliminated by using a solar panels. The energy needed for the robotic machine is less than other machines like tractors or any agricultural tools; also, this energy is obtained from solar energy, which is found abundantly in nature. Nowadays, robotics technology plays a paramount role in all Sections like the medical field, industries, and various organizations. In other countries, robots are used to perform different operations in the agricultural field. The main application area of robots in agriculture is the Seed Sowing Stage.

1. Due to the cheap components, the price of this robot is affordable. 
2. As it is fully automatic, precise, and quick, it is a time-saving robot.
3. It is a durable robot; the components are easily available at any electronic store.
4. This robot is user-friendly. Even a non-experienced person can operate it easily.

Project Objectives

1. To Visit agriculture sites of KP and collect data.

1. To design a special robot that provides fast soil loosening, sowing seed, watering, and moves forward in automatic mode.
2. To compare the results of the robot with traditional methods. 

Project Implementation Method

Arduino UNO is the main component used in the project. A 12V battery is used in this robot to provide power to it, and an extra power bank of 5V is used for Arduino UNO. The input is given as embedded ‘C’ Code to the Arduino device, which is interfaced with 8 channel relay, and the output from this is given to the motor. The motors are connected to wheels that move the robot, and the seed plantation process is done.

   

A project can be divided into four major phases as follows:

1. Design phase:

Description of the proposed solution, its justification, and general comparison to other alternative solution

 

1.  Implementation phase:

Step 1:	Initialize the system on Arduino microcontroller Atmega328.
Step 2:	DC motor will run forward, and the servo motor starts sowing and simultaneously digging operation.
Step 3:	An ultrasonic sensor will detect the obstacle and decide to turn by allocating the programming sequence.
Step 4:	DC motor will stop, and servomotor will start seed sowing.
Step 5:	Covers the seed in the soil by the robot.
Step 6:	Motor pump the water to the field.
Step 7:	Servomotor to fertilizer the soil like (urea, complex etc)
Step 8:	If the field reaches the threshold level the sensor and motor will automatically turn OFF.
Step 9:	If step 8 is complete, it will go to step 2.

1. Testing phase:

After completion of the project we will test it for the results. All the results are taken             to analyse the results

1. Evaluation phase:

 For evaluation and implementation we have to test this project properly for evaluating proper results.

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Benefits of the Project

The traditional method of sowing seeds is achieved by hands manually, or two bullocks are used to lift the bulky machinery for dropping seeds and leveling the land. But these seed filling method suffers from various problems. These methods depend on human power, and old techniques require more time and effort. In the traditional process, we cannot expect accurate results because of less seed placement and spacing of seeds by workers, which increases the burden on farmers. Hand-operated sow is prominent in the suburbs, but the present process is difficult for extensive scale farming. Small-scale farmers cannot afford the expenses of workers during this process. Hence automation is necessary to solve the issues in the agriculture sector by enhancing agricultural machinery. To reduce the efforts of farmers, this machine is designed in a simplified manner.

There are different features available in this project.

• Ploughing
• Seed sowing
• Covering of seed in soil
• Fertilizing
• Watering
• Proper spacing between two seeds

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The Seed sowing robot will used computer vision to d the following works.

• Ploughing: The process of loosening and turning the soil is called ploughing (tilling). Before sowing the seeds, it is necessary to loosen and turn the soil in the fields as to break it to the size of the grains which is done with the help of three main implements or tools to plough are hoe and cultivator.
• Seed sowing: Sowing is the process of planting seeds. An area or object that has had seeds planted in it will be described as a sowed area.
• Covering of seed in soil: The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat. Seed coats help protect the embryo from injury and also from drying out. Seed coats can be thin and soft as in beans or thick and hard as in locust or coconut seeds.
• Fertilizing: fertilizers are chemical substances supplied to the crops to increase their productivity. These are used by the farmers daily to increase the crop yield. The fertilizers contain the essential nutrients required by the plants, including nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus
• Watering: Automatic watering is the method of irrigating your garden with a network of hidden supply pipes and emitters connected to your outside tap. When used in conjunction with a water timer, an automatic watering system can be timed to turn on daily.
• Proper spacing between two seeds: Leave a space of 15 cm or 6? between plants. Seed spacing – Small: Plant eight plants or seeds per square foot, in two rows of four. Includes peas (climbing) and beans. Seed spacing – Small: Plant nine plants or seeds per square foot, in three rows of three.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries Food , Energy Core Technology Artificial Intelligence(AI)Other Technologies Big DataSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	Literature Review	Yes
Month 2	Software Implementation	Yes
Month 3	Hard ware Implementation	YEs
Month 4	Hard ware Implementation	Yes
Month 5	Hard ware Implementation	Yes
Month 6	Testing	Yes