Air Filtration Through Ventilation Ducts Using Optimized Roughness Elements
A sustainable environment is one of the major challenges in developing countries especially in populated regions due to the industrialization and expansion of urban areas. The industries emit particulate matter into the atmosphere that is harmful to human health. There is a need for an efficient par
2025-06-28 16:25:04 - Adil Khan
Air Filtration Through Ventilation Ducts Using Optimized Roughness Elements
Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject SummaryA sustainable environment is one of the major challenges in developing countries especially in populated regions due to the industrialization and expansion of urban areas. The industries emit particulate matter into the atmosphere that is harmful to human health. There is a need for an efficient particle separation mechanism to improve indoor air quality. This paper presents a numerical investigation of particles deposition in a square duct with variable roughness elements. The working fluid was taken as a mixture of air and inert particles. The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and Discrete Particle-phase Model (DPM) were used to simulate the particle-laden flow to analyze the deposition and velocity of the particles in the duct. The diameter of the particles is taken as 5mm. The ratio of roughness height to the diameter (r/D) ranged from 0.024 and 0.101 and the spacing to the diameter ratio (s/D) varied between 9.8 and 39.23. It was found that the roughness height has a significant effect on the fluid flow as compared to the spacing between the elements. As a result, more uniform vortices are developed across the elements increasing fluid velocity from 10 to 14 m/s, while the deposition and velocity of the particles were increased by 14% and 8%, respectively. Accordingly, the particles deposition technique helps provide clean indoor air for better environmental sustainability.
Particle deposition in the ventilation duct has many important applications. One main pathway through which polluted particles enter the indoor environment is through ventilation ducts. An experimental system was designed for particle deposition in a 16 square inch duct. A geometrical model is designed for the study of particle deposition on a regular array of uniform elements in a turbulent ventilation duct. Four different types of polluted particles size ranging from 1-150 ?m were used in the experiment. The shape of the rib’s cross-section was isosceles trapezium which is the combination of square, rectangle, and triangle. Analysis was conducted on ANSYS with different arrangements of ribs. The effects of ribs shape in particle deposition at different velocities ranging from 5-9 m/s in turbulent duct airflow were observed numerically based on Roughness Based Method. It was observed that simple arrangement of ribs (Proper Spacing) has maximum particle deposition efficiency, compared to diagonal arrangements of ribs. Also, it was found that using a regular array of roughness elements can increase the particle deposition compared to the smooth surface in the ventilation duct.
- Design of the ventilation system using roughness element
- Develop an experimental setup of air filtration system
- Determine particle deposition rates in air ducts and find out the best methods for predicting these rates
We used fluent analysis (ANSYS) on the following four Ribbed ducts of ducts. The first analysis was on a smooth duct (without roughness elements) in which are no elements installed on the top and bottom surface of the ventilation duct. The second was on ribbed duct 1 in which optimized roughness elements were installed on the bottom surface only in a simple arrangement (proper spacing) way. The third was on ribbed duct 2 in which optimized roughness elements were installed on the bottom surface only but in a diagonal arrangement. And the fourth was on ribbed duct in which ribbed duct 1 was installed on the top and bottom surfaces of the duct.
Benefits of the ProjectA sustainable environment is one of the major challenges in developing countries especially in populated. The industries emit particulate matter into the atmosphere that is harmful to human health. There is a need for an efficient particle separation mechanism to improve indoor air quality. Thus, fabricate an Air filtration through ventilation ducts using optimized roughness elements
Technical Details of Final DeliverableSo why we choose this project . To answer that question is pollution is increasing day by day especially pollutant matter PM particles in the air and you know. These particles are harmful to living beings especially in those areas where HVAC systems are used. Because these HVAC system are force ventilation system therefore these pollutant matters easily enter in our living areas.
Often Building with HVAC system used filter paper but they have limited lifespan of 1 or 2 months. Therefore to replace this short lifespan we used a replacement method which is optimise roughness element. These are the elements which can block or reduce the speed of particular matter in the air passing through the HVAC duct.
Then we perform numerical calculations for calculating its Heights spacing position in HVAC duct to obtain maximum deposition rate on the elements.
We made the geometry's of the ducts and roughness element in solidworks. for analysis we used ANSYS software.
We perform 48 simulations on four different particle matters on different speeds ranging from 2 to 5 M per second.
After simulation we concluded that using roughness element we can achieve 8 to 14% deposition rate.
Keeping the result of simulation in mind we started our fabrication. We use the same usual metal stainless steel for which duct is made and for the roughness element we used rough cost iron for its roughness properties.
After fabrication we started our experiment on different particular matter. We came to know that the deposition rate in real life analysis is slightly greater (13%) than the analysis in software.
It is a revolutionizing project and still there is a lot of research pending on these roughness elements and its shapes
These roughness element can be easily installed and have a much greater lifespan than filter paper. They can be used in everywhere where there is a ventilation duck system. IT can also be used in factories in reverse flow system to preventing the particle matter escaping in the environment.
This conclude our project we thank you for your support
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry HealthOther IndustriesCore Technology Clean TechOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate Action, Life on LandRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 47700 | |||
| Duct | Miscellaneous | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| Roughness Elements | Equipment | 24 | 550 | 13200 |
| Metal sheet | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| Fan box | Equipment | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| Control unit | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| Miscellaneous necessities | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |