Advance Solar Water Desalination plant for Coastal and Arid Areas of Pakistan

Project Title

Advance Solar Water Desalination plant for Coastal and Arid Areas of Pakistan

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

Water and Air are the primary factors of our earth’s life and without them life cycle can never be completed. Fresh water is running out due to rapid industrial revolution and lifestyle. Comparatively, Saline water is available abundantly covering 71% of our earth surface and the only way to meet our daily requirement of fresh water is to desalinate saline water with minimal cost of energy. Solar water desalination is the best option among all technologies in order to get fresh water economically. Although the operation is limited due to sun hours, but it can meet our requirements by adopting environment friendly design of desalination plant. This project firmly focuses on advanced physical design of solar desalination plant. These quite phenomenal parameters included parabolic inclined surface of 23o [1] inclination angle with build-in freshwater hull for purpose of effective heat transfer and it enabled us to achieve average 5 liter/m2.day (with 17oc ambient temperature) in last week of November in Khuzdar, Balochistan. Moreover, it is expected to attain double of its present harvested yield in July in arid and coastal areas of Pakistan.

Reference

1. H. Al-Hinai, M. S. Al-Nassri, and B. A. Jubran. "Effect of climatic, design and operational parameters on the yield of a simple solar still", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 43. No. 13, 2002, pages 1639-1650.

Project Objectives

To design and fabrication of advance solar desalination plant

Project Implementation Method 1.Principle

The basic principle of desalination technology is rain cycle discussed below. [1]

“As seawater absorb heat, it turns into vapors that condenses due to atmospheric temperature later on and form water droplets”

Description

Black body is the perfect heat absorber and we are using monocrystalline black solar panel for two purposes.

• Part of sun energy can be utilized in vaporizing water and part of the energy utilized in uplifting feedwater for spraying in the doom area and fresh water.
• Transparent acrylic plastic cover is used to collect solar radiations in air tight doom, and it is absorbed by the saltwater.
• fine sprayer will reduce the density and pressure of the saline water and that in turn allow saline water to evaporate more quickly.
• As saltwater absorb heat, it evaporates, and rate of evaporation is inversely

• proportional to density of water and directly proportional to surface area.

• The air tight doom caused to restrain the water vapors and water vapors doesn’t form salt and it turn into sweet water.
• These vapors will then condense under the dome due to ambient temperature.
• Fresh water accelerates down and can be collected by fresh water tank.

2.Fundamental of solar radiation Inclination angle

• It is the angle between sun radiations to the normal of the absorption area. And it depends upon the solar angle of specific area on specific time. This angle is significant because it leads us to get maximum output at given time. The average inclination angle for this desalination plant is meant to be 22 degree, which is designed for the maximum efficiency.

Air mass

• The amount of solar radiations reached to surface of earth depends upon the conditions of atmosphere, altitude of sun and temperature of air.[2]

Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)

These rays come directly from sun without diffusing or reflecting. Solar energy in the upper surface of our earth’s atmosphere is calculated as 1368 w/m2 which is the total energy present in extra tertial radiations of sun while due to collision and absorption of part of energy packets due to in contact with atmospheric components because it consists of suspended particles of solid, liquid and gas. The energy we get at surface of the earth in territorial radiations form is reduced to 1000w/m2.

Hour angle

It is the angle at any instant of time which is taken between the earth rotation and the sun rays.

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Referances:

E. M. A. Mokheimer et al. "Modeling and optimization of hybrid wind–solar-powered reverse osmosis water desalination system in Saudi Arabia", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 75. 2013, pages 86-97.

1. M. Shatat, M. Worall, and S. Riffat. "Opportunities for solar water desalination worldwide: Review", Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 9. 2013, pages 67-80.

Benefits of the Project

The significance of this project is not trivial as it has vast range of applications in domestic level as well as industrial level specially in Pakistan. The water produce by this technique is drinkable as it qualifies Pakistan’s (SDPI) and WHO’s standards. This technology can surely replace available desalination techniques in upcoming years. Mineral water companies should accompany this technology in order to produce fresh water with minimal price with greater purity.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Knowing the base problem, we developed research study, that make us able to determine major Aims  as followed by our project:

• To flourish of latest technology with available material for the purpose of obtaining standard drinkable water at reasonable price.
• To be accessed by areas where grid electricity has not been reached but with immense solar capacity.
• To reduce depletion of Fossil fuel consumption which are being used in desalination technologies.
• To compare results of various solar desalination technologies and make able to choose the best.
• To develop advance solar desalination plant design for maximum harvesting efficiency.
• To make able exempt conventional energy needs for desalination.
• To make alternative use of Solar cells in more effective way.
• To study heat transfer of condensed water and sea water.
• To study solar heating phenomena in Solar cells.
• To study the role of density in water cycle.
• To reduce CO2 emissions in atmosphere.
• To be operate able by layman.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Energy Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Clean Water and SanitationRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	80000
panel, Acrylic sheet doom, pump, Nozzle, Aluminum, Water switch, Coils	Equipment	7	10000	70000
paint spray, Sticker, Tape , Screws ,Nuts , Stationery , Labels pages	Miscellaneous	10	1000	10000