A project Design of Heat Pump Based on Solar System using Vapor Absorption Cycle

Project Title

A project Design of Heat Pump Based on Solar System using Vapor Absorption Cycle

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

1. From the very beginning of the life it’s the demand of the human to make itself comfort by using different things so by keeping environment heating and cooling effects in mind they try to discover the devices which is used as heating devices in winter season and on the other hand for cooling purpose in summer.
2. Refrigeration cycle is developed for keeping eyes on this expect. Heat pump is one of the devices which is used for the both purpose heating as well as cooling.
3. The aims of this project is to provide a logical study of the physical and engineering factors which affect the load and give sufficient examples to show their practical application. 
4. Our system consists of four major components absorber, generator, condenser and evaporator.
5. The total load which the system is facing is 11.103KW. Absorber is a device used for mixing of vapors and liquid at temperature 28o C and the absorber load is 13.1864 KW. The generator temperature is maintained at 100 o C and its load is 13.9155 KW. The evaporator should maintain the room temperature at 10 o C where its load is 11.013KW. Evaporator should to remove this load by transferring it to the condenser present outside the room operating at the temperature of 36 o C and its load is 11.742 KW.
6. The system is operating on the vacuum, the solution is pumped to the generator the help of the centrifugal pump. And heat exchanger is used for the transfer of heat between the strong and the weak solution streams.
7. We have to construct a system having expected capacity of 3.5 tons. The one of the main purpose of the report is also to economize the refrigeration cycle by using water and LiBr solution and solar heater.
8. By using this system we have less operating cost and have the monthly savings of 17240 rupees.
9. The system is a vacuum system having a pressure lower than the environment pressure. Its work on the absorption cycle by replacing the compressor with the pump the economy of the system is controlled and the manufacturing cost reduced. It has the high capital cost but low operating cost. It is best used for the heating and cooling of larger building and the industries purposes.

Project Objectives

Over the past few decades, energy is the backbone of technology and economic development. In addition to men, machines and money, ‘energy’ is now the fourth factor of production.

The objective of this project is to design and study an environment friendly vapour absorption refrigeration system of unit having capicity of 3.5 tons using Li+Br as the working fluids.

The system is designed for various operating conditions using sunlight as heat source. In this project, performance of the fabricated system is outlined with respect to various operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures.

The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel installed on the hostel roofs of the institute.

The unit has been installed for about an expected investment of Rs. 0.3 - 0.4 Millions.

But the irony is that, this solar heating unit remains idle in the summer months. Also the solar potential is at maximum in the summer.

Project Implementation Method

Method of Operation

We have two methods of contacting the gas with the liquid which are;

1. Co-current flow

2. Counter – current flow

We are going to focus on the co-current principle because we are going to deal with it. Both the operations are widely used in the industry according to the required of the mixing.

The main difference between them is in the co-current flow the both the fluid are mixing in the same direction and mixing take place where as in the counter-current pattern the both fluids move in the opposite direction and mixing take place.

Whereas in case of the counter-current flow the better mixing is obtained than that of the co-current pattern. Here in our case we deal with the co-current pattern of the gas absorption.

The gas and the liquid move from the same direction and the transfer of the mass take place from the gas towards the liquid take place and mixing occurs.

Benefits of the Project

1. Lower Running Costs

Heat pumps are cheaper to run than systems based on combustion. The more energy efficient the systems are, the greater long term savings on energy.

2. Less Maintenance

Heat pumps require less maintenance than the combustion heating systems. Regularly, once a year, some certain details of the system have to be checked, which could be easily accomplished by yourself. A professional installer, on the other hand, has to check every three or five years.

3. Safety

Heat pumps are safer than combustion-based heating systems.

4. Carbon Emissions

Heat pump system reduces your carbon emissions and it has an efficient conversion rate of energy to heat.

5. Provide Cooling

During the warm periods, heat pumps are able to reverse the process, and thus act like an ac unit. Air to Air heat pump, can conveniently be switched to cooling mode during the summers.

6. Long Life-Span

The life-span of heat pumps is relatively long, up to 50 years, however the average life-span is somewhere between 14 to 15 years. Despite these numbers, they are exceptionally reliable and steady source of heat.

7. RHI Scheme

The government provides two different types of programs to assist the installation of renewable heat systems. You may be eligible for payment under Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scheme, which addresses to homeowners, social and private landlords, and also to self-builders. On the other side, the Non-Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) is open to public sector such as businesses, organisations and industries.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Equipment	Price in 2021
Condensor	15000
Pump	199
Evaporator	15000
Absorber	128
Generator	5207
Solar Panel	1400
Total	36934

Purchased cost of Equipment (PCE) =36934 PKR

Now using Factorial Method, to estimate Direct and indirect cost

Total Physical Plant cost (PPC) = PCE(1+f1+f2+f3+……………. +f9)

= 36934 × (3.40)

= 125578.218 PKR

Fixed Capital cost (F) = PPC (1+f10+f11+f12)

= 125578.218 × (1.45)

= 182088.41 PKR

Working Capital cost(W) = 10%

= 0.1 × (182088.41) = 18208.84 PKR

Total Capital investment (TCI) = W+F

= 18208.84 + 182088.41 = 200297.25 PKR

Equipment CondensorPumpEvaporatorAbsorberGeneratorSolar PanelTotalFinal Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Food , Manufacturing Core Technology Wearables and ImplantablesOther Technologies Big DataSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1